Current Status of Biogas Technology Adoption in Uganda

Abstract

Biogas technology offers a sustainable and renewable energy solution to Uganda’s challenges of energy poverty, environmental degradation, and inefficient agricultural waste management. Predominantly an agrarian nation with a high rural population dependent on traditional biomass fuels such as firewood and charcoal, Uganda stands to benefit significantly from adopting biogas. This review examines the current status of biogas technology adoption in Uganda by exploring its potential, national programs, adoption trends, barriers, recent innovations, gender and social considerations, and environmental and economic benefits of biogas use. The National Biogas Programme has played a pivotal role in promoting biogas through capacity-building and financing mechanisms; however, adoption remains limited by high installation costs, a lack of technical expertise, cultural perceptions, and policy gaps. Recent initiatives, including institutional biogas projects, private sector innovations, and gender-responsive approaches, demonstrate growing momentum and opportunities for scaling. The paper highlights the importance of integrating biogas into national energy, climate, and agricultural policies to foster inclusive and sustainable growth. Addressing financing constraints, enhancing technical capacity, and promoting gender and social inclusion are critical to unlocking the full benefits of biogas for Uganda’s clean energy transition and rural development.