The Potential of Digital Agriculture in Enhancing Productivity, Production and Livelihoods of Smallholder Farmers in Sub Saharan Africa: A Review

Abstract

Agriculture is a cornerstone of the economy in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, providing livelihoods for the majority of the population and contributing significantly to GDP. Despite its importance, agricultural productivity in the region remains relatively low, with various indicators highlighting persistent challenges such as limited access to modern inputs, inadequate infrastructure, and traditional farming methods. To enhance production efficiency and become competitive in the global market, agricultural producers in SSA must adopt the latest technological innovations. Digital technologies offer a promising pathway to unlock the vast, untapped potential of agriculture across the region by improving access to information, market linkages, and resource management. However, successful digital transformation in agriculture requires more than technology adoption; it demands supportive policies, regulatory frameworks, and investment in digital infrastructure and skills. Governments at all levels play a critical role in fostering an enabling environment that encourages innovation while ensuring equitable access, especially for smallholder farmers. This paper presents an overview of the current state of agricultural digitisation in selected SSA countries, examining key components such as digital infrastructure, public services, and private sector innovations. Although public digital services remain underdeveloped, emerging private sector initiatives reflect gradual but promising progress in the region’s digital agricultural landscape.