Innovations in Organo-mineral Fertilizers: A Comprehensive Review of Sustainable Practices, Controlled Nutrient Release, and Coating Strategies

Abstract

The increasing global demand for sustainable agricultural inputs has accelerated research into organo-mineral fertilizers (OMFs), which combine the agronomic benefits of mineral nutrients with the environmental advantages of organic matter. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent innovations in OMFs, with emphasis on sustainable production practices, biotransformation of organic waste, and advanced strategies for controlled nutrient release. A bibliometric analysis, conducted using the PRISMA framework across Scopus and Web of Science databases (2020–2025), identified 6,324 relevant publications, mapping current trends and highlighting research gaps. Particular attention is given to coating technologies and the role of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) in enhancing nutrient use efficiency while minimizing environmental losses. The integration of biowaste-derived materials as carriers or coatings in OMF formulations underscores a shift toward circular economy principles. This review supports the development of next-generation eco-efficient fertilizers aligned with sustainable agriculture goals and offers a roadmap for future innovation in nutrient management.