Use-trace analysis of bone tools : a brief overview of four methodological approaches

Abstract

In comparison with some other parts of the world, there has been a marked lack of engagement with the functional study of bone tools in southern Africa. Only a handful of researchers are actively conducting work on this important aspect of material culture on the subcontinent. In this paper, I explore four avenues of use-trace analyses that can be used to investigate the past function of bone tools, namely, use-wear, macrofracture analysis, morphological residues studies and micro-focus computed tomography. Despite the increasing application of sophisticated analytical software, definitions of use-traces still differ among analysts. Here I provide a brief overview of various use-trace indicators and descriptions of how to identify them. Wherever possible, I use only the consensus definitions and descriptions of the various use-traces for easier identification by a non-expert.