Patterns of Prescribing Practices in Makueni County Referral Hospital, Kenya

Abstract

Background: Prescribing is said to be irrational if it does not conform to good standards of treatment. Irrational prescribing leads to increased cost of drug therapy, increased risk for adverse drug reactions and emergence of drug resistance. Objective: The study objective was to determine the quality and patterns of prescribing in Makueni County Referral Hospital, Kenya, using World Health Organization prescribing indicators. Methodology: The design was a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. Data was abstracted from 824 patient encounters selected through quasi-random sampling. Data was collected from the sampled prescriptions using a pre-tested data collection form, entered into and analyzed using Stata version 10.0 software. Results: The mean number of drugs per patient encounter was 2.7. Only 45.5% of the total drugs were prescribed using generic names. Antibiotics and injections were prescribed in 74% and 13.2% of the prescriptions surveyed respectively. Discussion: On average, inpatients received a higher number of drugs per encounter compared to outpatients, probably because they usually have more severe disease than outpatients which may require management with more drugs. Conclusion: The results showed a trend towards irrational prescribing, particularly polypharmacy, underuse of generic names and over-prescription of antibiotics. Relevant educational, managerial and regulatory interventions are recommended to remedy the problems.