Characterization of chitosan-based copper nanoparticles: Synthesis approach, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity assay investigation

Abstract

This study highlights the synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles (Chi-CuNPs) using chitosan, a biopolymer known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, eco-friendliness, and strong stabilizing properties. The nanoparticles were produced via the solution casting method and characterized using FTIR, UV, SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques, revealing nanomaterials sized between 1–100 nm. Chi-CuNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida species. In diffusion assays, inhibition zones ranged from 10–27 mm for bacteria and 22–24 mm for Candida, indicating stronger effects against Gram-positive strains. The nanoparticles also demonstrated notable anticancer activity, especially against the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line and ovarian cancer cells, showing cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 25 μL/mL. These findings suggest Chi-CuNPs have promising potential for antimicrobial and anticancer applications, particularly in tissue engineering and infection control. However, the exact mechanism underlying their antibacterial effects remains unclear, necessitating further investigation. Additional research is essential to establish safe dosage levels and fully explore the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of Chi-CuNPs in both clinical and biomedical applications.