Prognostic Value of CD56 Expression in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Background: Understanding the prognostic markers of multiple myeloma (MM) helps in optimizing therapeutic approaches. CD56 is frequently expressed by malignant plasma cells and its use as a prognostic marker in MM is promising. Aim: To evaluate prognostic value of CD56 expression in patients with MM. Methods: This study included 50 newly diagnosed patients with MM. Bone marrow samples were analyzed for CD56 expression by flow cytometry. All patients received bortezomib-based therapy for at least 3-4 months. Results: The median age of patients was 52 years (range 32-75) and 54% of them were males. The stage according to the International Staging System was I in 15 (30%) patients, II in 18 (36%) and III in 17 (34%). CD56 positivity was detected in 84% of enrolled patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that the lack of CD56 expression was an independent predictor of worse overall survival (HR = 4.31 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.23 – 15.13], p = 0.002). Conclusion: The present study suggests that CD56 negativity is associated with poor prognosis in patients with MM and that its incorporation in the risk panel of MM may be considered. Further studies with larger sample size to validate its prognostic value are needed.