Biofertilizers for Sustainable and Environment-friendly Agriculture.

Abstract

Biofertilizers are the practical alternative to chemical fertilizers, although it may take long to achieve a transition worldwide. It is clear that biofertilizers have many advantages. These are detailed by reference to major published work on the subject from 2020 to 2025. Biofertilizers increase soil fertility by enhanced nutrient cycling and sustainable cultivation in a circular economy. With emphasis on case histories of success such as on-farm experiments in Morocco demonstrating yield enhancement and soil health enhancement in tomato, pepper and maize, this review considers the diversity of types of biofertilizers and mode of action and their application on cereals and legumes and on horticultural crops. Despite their promise, problems of variable efficacy and short shelf life and the imperative to design region-specific formulations require innovations in technology and system. Innovules through genomics and metagenomics are accelerating the engineering of durable strain microorganisms and the combination of biofertilizers with biopesticides and conditioners of soil present synergetic pathways towards sustainability in agricultural intensification. Actions towards mitigation of soils and enhancement of sustainability in food systems globally are congruent with the promise of using biofertilizers to make significant contributions to climate-resilient, productive and environment-friendly agriculture.