Copulas approach for modeling the stochastic dependence of three physico-chemical components of groundwater in the province of Sissili (Burkina Faso)

Abstract

This study aims to model the stochastic dependence between potassium \(( K^{+})\), iron \(( Fe^{2+})\), and ammonium \(( NH_{4}^{+})\) concentrations in groundwater from the Sissili province in Burkina Faso. To achieve this, we rely on the Student, Frank, and Hüsler–Reiss copulas to capture the full range of hydro-geochemical dependence structures. This statistical approach provides a reliable, flexible, and robust tool for analyzing environmental characteristics while supporting the sustainable management of water resources.