Prevalence and Correlates of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among University Students in Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality, with modifiable lifestyle factors contributing significantly. University students represent a critical demographic for early intervention. This study assessed the prevalence of CVD risk factors among students at Attahadi University, Libya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 with 330 undergraduate students (mean age 22.7 ± 4.1 years). Data were collected via a validated Arabic questionnaire and clinical measurements (BMI, blood pressure). Lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, smoking, stress) were analyzed for associations with health indicators. The study found 89% of students consumed fast food weekly, while only 11.5% met fruit/vegetable recommendations. Physical inactivity affected 48%, and smoking prevalence was 20.6% (48.3% males vs. 3.5% females). Overweight/obesity affected 44% (95% CI: 38.6–49.4) and elevated blood pressure affected 25% (95% CI: 20.4–29.6). Stress correlated with higher BMI (r = +0.18, 95% CI: 0.07–0.28, p = 0.002) and systolic blood pressure (r = +0.21, 95% CI: 0.10–0.31, p < 0.001). Unhealthy lifestyles are prevalent among Libyan university students, with significant gender disparities. Targeted interventions (nutrition education, smoking cessation, stress management) are urgently needed