Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Technologies: Applications in Pharmaceutical Sustainability

Abstract

Chitosan, described as a natural biopolymer derived from chitin, has gained substantial interest due to its significant properties and versatile applications across various fields. This review offers an extensive outline of the recent developments in chitosan applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. Chitosan's biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity render this biopolymer an ideal solution for existing problems in multiple sectors. Derived from chitin, in the exoskeletons of arthropods, crustaceans, and fungi, chitosan overcomes drawbacks such as poor solubility and high crystallinity, permitting its application in many fields. Chitosan's capability to enhance drug effectiveness and use in targeted drug delivery systems emphasizes its significant potential in the pharmaceutical industry. Chitosan's antimicrobial and anticancer properties enhance its role for wound healing and cancer therapy and offer novel medical solutions. Despite its advantages, the functionality of chitosan remains limited by challenges such as solubility and functional efficacy. However, current research focuses on chemical modifications and the development of chitosan-based composites, such as nanoparticles and hydrogels, which continue to overcome these limitations. As research progresses, Chitosan’s multifunctionality contributes to sustainable industrial and biomedical solutions. This review explores these advancements and the prospects of chitosan-based technologies, offering a comprehensive understanding of its applications across multiple domains.