The AES Exit from ECOWAS and Brexit: A Comparative Reading Through Hirschman’s Exit–Voice–Loyalty Framework

Abstract

This article examines two withdrawal processes: Britain’s exit from the European Union (Brexit) and the Alliance of Sahel States’ (AES) exit from ECOWAS. The study explores the extent to which the AES departure resembles Brexit. It begins by providing context for both events before analysing their similarities, differences, and implications. Data were gathered from primary and secondary sources and analysed using Hirschman’s Exit, Voice, and Loyalty framework. The findings show that common factors, such as concerns over national sovereignty and ambitions for economic, political, and geopolitical independence, motivated both exits. However, they unfolded differently: Brexit occurred through negotiated agreements to manage post-Brexit relations, whereas the AES departure occurred suddenly, without negotiations or prior arrangements. While each exit may be questionable, both indicate a desire for political self-determination.