Tradition meets innovation: preferences for climate strategies among cocoa farmers in Obuasi municipality, Ghana

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to compare the traditional and modern adaptation strategies employed by cocoa farmers in response to climate variability in the Obuasi Municipality. A qualitative approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews using purposive sampling technique to select twenty (20) cocoa farmers and five (5) key informants. The findings revealed that farmers use a blend of traditional strategies such as shade management, crop diversification, and local weather indicators; and modern strategies, including pruning, artificial irrigation, and agrochemical applications. While modern methods were often seen as more effective, traditional methods remained widely preferred for their affordability, accessibility, and cultural embeddedness. Factors influencing the choice of strategies included gender, education, financial capacity, land ownership, and access to extension services. Notably, the study found that combining both traditional and modern methods provided the most promising adaptation pathway, especially when supported by training, government interventions, and community-based platforms. The study has implications for agricultural extension services, policymakers, and NGOs by demonstrating the need to promote inclusive, participatory, and locally adaptable interventions. Strengthening locally grounded yet scientifically informed adaptation systems can enhance cocoa sector resilience to climate change while safeguarding cultural knowledge and farmer agency. Received: 27 August 2025 Accepted: 15 September 2025 Published: 07 October 2025