Advances and Challenges in Closed Loop Therapeutics: From Signal Selection to Optogenetic Techniques

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to develop closed-loop therapeutic systems by reviewing various neurological disorders. We propose a system that incorporates a biosensor, controller, and infusion pump to provide closed-loop feedback management of medicine delivery. To address the specific therapeutic requirements of a medication called Dox, they made precise adjustments to the system's functioning. The device incorporates a biosensor capable of real-time assessment of medicine levels in the bloodstream. The method utilizes aptamer probes that have been labeled with an electrochemical tag. When these probes connect to the drug target, they undergo a reversible change in shape, leading to a modification in redox current. A little quantity of blood is consistently extracted from the animal's circulatory system inside a microfluidic device, which is used for this measurement. The paper examines the challenges of seizure detection and the use of advanced learning algorithms and classification methods to enhance real- time seizure detection in closed-loop systems. Following the successful use of optogenetic techniques in epilepsy models, the authors discuss the potential of these technologies for controlling brain activity.