Audit clinique des décès néonatals et facteurs modifiables dans l’unité de néonatologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major public health issue in resource-limited countries. In 2022, approximately 2.3 million newborns died, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. Auditing neonatal deaths is an essential strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to improve the quality of care and reduce preventable deaths. The objective of the study was to analyze the causes of neonatal deaths and identify modifiable factors in the Neonatology Department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study of neonatal deaths that occurred between January 1 and December 31, 2024, in the department, excluding those that occurred before any treatment was provided. Medical records were used as data sources. The analysis was conducted in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations for auditing neonatal deaths. Results: Intra-hospital neonatal mortality was 17.8%. It affected premature and low birth weight newborns (63% and 71.1%, respectively) during the first week of life. The main causes of death were prematurity, perinatal asphyxia, and neonatal infections. The modifiable factors identified were delayed consultation, delayed referral, and inadequate initial care. Conclusion: A significant proportion of neonatal deaths observed were potentially preventable. Strengthening the referral system and improving early neonatal care could significantly reduce neonatal mortality in Burkina Faso.