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    <journal>
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        <full_title>The Journal of Independent Teaching and Learning</full_title>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2519-5670</issn>
      </journal_metadata>
      <journal_issue>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>08</month>
          <day>31</day>
          <year>2017</year>
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      <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
        <titles>
          <title>Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="first">
            <given_name>Mayowa Ojo</given_name>
            <surname>Owolabi</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of Ibadan</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Solomon Weldegebreal</given_name>
            <surname>Asgedom</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Mekelle University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0804-3307</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-1810-7505-5455</item_number>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Tissa</given_name>
            <surname>Wijeratne</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of Pretoria</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-7111</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-5939-1909-5655</item_number>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Hassan Magdy Abd El</given_name>
            <surname>Razek</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Mansoura University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-0408</ORCID>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Yaw Ampem</given_name>
            <surname>Amoako</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
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            <given_name>Abdallah M</given_name>
            <surname>Samy</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Ain Shams University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Maysaa El Sayed</given_name>
            <surname>Zaki</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Mansoura University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Niguse Tadele</given_name>
            <surname>Atnafu</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Addis Ababa University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-3617</ORCID>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Ehimario Uche</given_name>
            <surname>Igumbor</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of Pretoria</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-6031</ORCID>
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            <given_name>Sibhatu</given_name>
            <surname>Biadgilign</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Addis Ababa University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-5977</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-1869-6434-0656</item_number>
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            <given_name>Peter Njenga</given_name>
            <surname>Keiyoro</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of Nairobi</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>George A.</given_name>
            <surname>Mensah</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of Cape Town</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5326</ORCID>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Tsegaye Tewelde</given_name>
            <surname>Gebrehiwot</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Jimma University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Andrew T</given_name>
            <surname>Olagunju</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of Lagos</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-9886</ORCID>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Chigozie Jesse</given_name>
            <surname>Uneke</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences Uburu</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Adugnaw</given_name>
            <surname>Berhane</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Addis Ababa University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-958X</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-1208-2396-4681</item_number>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Reginald</given_name>
            <surname>Quansah</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of Ghana</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-4192</ORCID>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Balem Demtsu</given_name>
            <surname>Betsu</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Mekelle University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-3278</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-3997-5800-8650</item_number>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Dan Joseph</given_name>
            <surname>Stein</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>South African Medical Research Council</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-6963-1764-7786</item_number>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Vesper Hichilombwe</given_name>
            <surname>Chisumpa</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of the Witwatersrand</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1234-3644</ORCID>
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            <given_name>Olatunji</given_name>
            <surname>Adetokunboh</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Stellenbosch University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-3951</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-1305-7560-7879</item_number>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Abdu A.</given_name>
            <surname>Adamu</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Stellenbosch University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-1319</ORCID>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Benjamin S C.</given_name>
            <surname>Uzochukwu</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>University of Nigeria</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
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            <given_name>Soraya</given_name>
            <surname>Seedat</surname>
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            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-786X</ORCID>
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            <given_name>Liesl Joanna</given_name>
            <surname>Zuhlke</surname>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Mu’awiyyah Babale</given_name>
            <surname>Sufiyan</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Ahmadu Bello University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-6995</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-9335-6690-3327</item_number>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Charles Shey</given_name>
            <surname>Wiysonge</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>South African Medical Research Council</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            <ORCID authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-4779</ORCID>
            <item_number item_number_type="afrischolar-id">ASID-2827-2851-9248</item_number>
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>Ababi Zergaw</given_name>
            <surname>Giref</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Addis Ababa University</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
            
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          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional">
            <given_name>George Mugambage</given_name>
            <surname>Ruhago</surname>
            <affiliations><institution><institution_name>Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences</institution_name></institution></affiliations>
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            <given_name>André Pascal</given_name>
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            <given_name>Aman Yesuf</given_name>
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          <month>08</month>
          <day>31</day>
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